RESIN H-C100

Applications

• Industrial & Residential Water Softening: In its Na+ form, it effectively removes hardness ions, primarily Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+), exchanging them for Sodium (Na+) ions to prevent scale buildup in boilers, cooling towers, and plumbing networks.
• Demineralization: When regenerated with mineral acids (such as Hydrochloric acid, HCl, or Sulfuric acid, H2SO4), it transitions to the Hydrogen (H+) form, acting as the primary cation exchanger phase in two-bed or mixed-bed deionization systems.
• Dissolved Iron & Manganese Removal: It can filter out low levels of unoxidized, dissolved ferrous iron and manganese via a standard ion exchange mechanism.

Regeneration Profile (Sodium Cycle)

• Regenerant Concentration: 8% to 20% NaCl (typically optimized around 10%).
• Regeneration Level: 60 to 320 g/L (4 to 20 lb/ft³) of salt, depending on target hardness leakage requirements. For general industrial use, 70 to 80 kg of salt per cubic meter (4.5 to 5 lb/ft³) typically yields a leakage rate under 5 ppm.
• Regenerant Flow Rate: Slow flow rate of 2 to 7 BV/h (0.25 to 0.90 gpm/ft³).
• Slow Rinse: ~2 Bed Volumes at the regeneration flow rate.
• Fast Rinse: 3 to 10 Bed Volumes at the regular service flow rate.

Standard Operating Conditions

• Minimum Bed Depth: 800 mm to 1,000 mm (roughly 3 to 3.3 feet).
• Service Flow Rate: 8 to 40 BV/h (Bed Volumes per hour) or 1 to 5 gpm/t³ of resin.
• Linear Velocity: 10 to 50 m^₃/m²/h (4 to 20 gpm/ft²).
• Maximum Target Pressure Drop: Recommended to stay below 150 kPa (22 psi) to prevent physical bead compaction and unnecessary flow resistance.
• Backwash Expansion: 50% to 75% fluidization freeboard space is recommended during backwash cycles to clear out particulates, release trapped air pockets, and reclassify the resin particles.                                 

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Polymer composition: Cross-linked polystyrene gel w/ Divinylbenzene
Functional group: Sulfonic acid
Ionic form: Na⁺ form
Total capacity (min.): 2.0 eq/L (43.7 Kgr/ft³) (Na⁺form)
Coefficient of uniformity (max.): <1.7
Specific gravity: 1.29
Maximum temperature: 120°C (250°F)
Operating pH range: 0-14
Weight (approx.): 800-840 g/L 
Particle size range: 300-1200μm
Moisture retention: 44-48% (Na⁺ form)